Nonanalyticity, sign problem, and Polyakov line in a Z3 -symmetric heavy quark model at low temperature: Phenomenological model analyses

The nonanalyticity and the sign problem in Z3-symmetric heavy quark model at low temperature are studied phenomenologically. For free quarks, is analyzed relation to zeros of grand canonical partition function. effective Polyakov-line (EPLM) strong coupling limit also considered as an phenomenological QCD with large mass temperature. We examine how EPLM approaches original one zero-temperature limit. effects Z3-symmetry affect structure microscopic probability density function nonanalytic point. average value Polyakov line can detect structure, while other thermodynamic quantities not sensible effect imaginary chemical potential discussed. part number very sensitive symmetry nonanalytical a particular potential, may be induced vicinity